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Propane is an industrial gas derived from crude oil refining and natural gas processing. This liquefied petroleum gas is flammable and versatile, with several key industrial uses and significant energy output.
The chemical formula for propane is C3H8, meaning it is a three-carbon alkane gas. The molar mass of propane is 44.097 grams per mol, which affects its physical properties and industrial applications.
Propane gas physical properties include:
| Physical Properties of propane gas | |
|---|---|
| Property | Value |
| Propane Boiling Point | -44 to -42.2 °C |
| Propane Melting Point | -187.7 °C |
| Propane Density as a Gas at 0 °C | 2.0098 kg/m3 |
| Propane Density as a Liquid at 25 °C | 0.493 g/cm3 |
| Propane Vapor Density | 1.52 if air = 1 |
| Solubility in Water | insoluble |
| Solubility in Other Solvents | soluble in diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform, ethyl ether and ethanol |
When the mixture of propane gas and air is within propane’s flammability limits, propane becomes combustible and can burn. An incorrect propane and air ratio can cause incomplete combustion and create carbon monoxide. When propane is below its flash point, it will stop burning. Understanding these combustion requirements is critical in heating and power applications.
Propane is easily ignited and has vapors heavier than air, so flames can flash back if a leak is present. When propane is below its freezing point, evaporative cooling can cause frostbite or tissue damage if the propane comes in contact with skin.
Propane leaks can be dangerous to human health. The heavier propane vapors can displace air vapors, causing asphyxiation. Since propane is naturally odorless, an odorant such as ethyl mercaptan, which smells like sulfur or rotten eggs, is often added to make leaks more detectable.
Propane occurs naturally as a gas, and it is most commonly used in this form. When pressurized, propane liquefies and is stored and transported in this state. As the pressure is released, the liquefied propane vaporizes, turning it into gas. Propane gas is available in cylinders, liquid form or bulk.
Propane has a wide range of uses in:
Meritus Gas Partners offers technical expertise, supply solutions and safety compliance support for propane gas and other industrial gases. Get started today by finding a partner in your area or contacting us to learn more.