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Nitrogen gas (N2) is an inert gas abundant in Earth’s atmosphere. It is available in various purities and is used in numerous applications in key industries.
Nitrogen molecules have two nitrogen atoms with a triple bond and a lone pair of nonbonding electrons. It is also the most naturally abundant gas, making up 78% of the Earth’s atmosphere, but it cannot support life by itself. Nitrogen molar mass is 28.014 g/mol.
Nitrogen is colorless, nontoxic, tasteless, odorless, noncombustible and inert, so it does not react to other chemical substances. However, if nitrogen containers are exposed to prolonged heat or fire, they can rupture.
Nitrogen gas properties include:
Physical properties of nitrogen gas | |
---|---|
Property | Value |
Nitrogen Boiling Point | -195.79 °C |
Nitrogen Melting Point | -210.01 °C |
Density | 1.251 g/L at 0 °C |
Solubility | Slightly soluble in water and alcohol and insoluble in ethanol |
Nitrogen is available in high- and low-purity grades — choose the purity level best for your industry and application:
Nitrogen is stored as a gas or liquid. Liquid nitrogen is used as is or vaporized when needed. Storage areas for nitrogen must have forced draft air circulation to prevent nitrogen fumes from accumulating. Nitrogen gas is available in cylinders, liquid, bulk, gas and UHP.
Nitrogen can be dangerous in high concentrations, requiring safe handling and precautions. It is not poisonous, but it can displace air and cause asphyxiation. The liquid form of nitrogen is very cold, so it can cause frostbite. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires mandatory testing if nitrogen is used in a confined space.
Nitrogen gas is used in the following industries:
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