There are many industrial uses of helium, from welding to inspecting ships to producing TVs and smartphones — but the most well-known use of helium is filling balloons. This inert, colorless and odorless element has an extremely low density, making it chemically lighter than air and the ideal balloon gas.

However, filling balloons with helium isn’t as simple as picking up a canister and filling the balloon. Learn more about helium in party and weather balloons and where you can source the right helium below.

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Differences and Variations in Helium Purity

While helium is applicable across industries, not all helium is the same. This gas varies in purity, and it’s essential to choose the right helium grade for your specific use. This way, you won’t use a higher grade of helium than is necessary.

The grading system for helium is a scale, with each grade’s number represented in its purity percentage. For example, Grade 6 helium has a 99.9999% purity, with six total “9s” noted in the percentage, and Grade 4.6 has a 99.996% purity, with four “9s” and one “6.” These are some of the most common helium grades and applications:

Grade 6: This is the highest helium grade and is the closest to being 100% pure. It’s used in numerous high-level applications, including as a cooling agent for superconducting magnets in MRI machines and for semiconductor chip manufacturing.
Grade 5.5: With a 99.9995% purity, Grade 5.5 helium is also largely used in research-based applications. It’s an ultra-pure helium that’s ideal as a shielding gas in welding and a cooling gas in fiber optics. It can also be used for some of the same applications as Grade 6 helium, such as semiconductor processing.
Grade 5: While slightly less pure than Grades 6 and 5.5 at a 99.999% purity, Grade 5 helium is also used for specific lab research purposes, such as in weather balloons and blimps. It can also be used for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Grade 4.8: Grade 4.8 has a purity of 99.998% and is commonly used in military applications, though it can also be used in certain industrial processes.
Grade 4.7: This 99.997%-purity helium is often a tracer gas for helium leak testing, such as in containers. It can also be used in pressurizing and purging and cryogenic applications. One of the most common uses of Grade 4.7 helium is in breathing gas mixtures for deep sea diving.
Grade 4: This is most well-known as balloon-grade helium, with a purity of 99.99%. It can also be used in applications like vehicle airbags, but Grade 4 helium is the top choice for filling decorative party balloons.

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What Is Balloon-Grade Helium?

When choosing helium for balloons, you should select Grade 4 helium or any helium with a purity of 99.99% or lower. This is one of the most accessible helium grades on the market and provides the exact results you need. However, if you need a higher purity so you can use helium in party and weather balloons, Grade 5 gas will work fine for both uses.

Keep in mind that different types of balloon material will hold helium better than others. Since latex is porous, helium will slowly seep out of a latex balloon over time. A foil balloon can float longer because it’s nonporous and can be refilled thanks to its self-sealing valve. No matter which option you choose, always use the highest-quality balloons available for the best results.

Sourcing and Storing Helium for Balloons

Once you have your balloons ready, it’s time to purchase your helium. The good news is that 99.99% helium is a standard option available through numerous suppliers. While the helium global supply chain has a few considerable challenges, you should be able to source what you need from your chosen retailer — feel free to connect with a Meritus Gas team expert if you need help.

That said, it’s important to note that Grade 4 helium, despite its lower purity rating, isn’t always the most cost-effective choice. Since higher-purity helium varieties are liquids, they’re less expensive and more efficient to transport. Consider using Grade 5 helium if you find a notable pricing difference.

Both using and storing helium properly are essential. Although helium is nonflammable, nontoxic, odorless and tasteless, it’s still necessary to disperse it only in a well-ventilated area to limit the risk of asphyxiation. Additionally, store your helium cylinder upright in a dry, safe place and secure it to ensure it doesn’t fall over.

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Simple Balloon Inflation Tips

Using helium to fill balloons is easy once you understand the basics. First, make sure you have all the necessary items and accessories. In addition to your helium and balloons, you’ll need a regulator and ties to secure the balloons once filled. Either a single- or double-stage regulator will work, though double-stage regulators are best at parties or events where balloons will need to be filled consistently.

Now, you have everything you need to start filling. Get started with the following steps:

Place the cylinder on a level surface in a well-ventilated space.
Remove the plug on the cylinder.
Screw in the regulator.
Turn the valve to let out the gas.
Put the opening of a balloon over the regulator’s nozzle, holding it securely.
Tilt the nozzle slightly forward to allow the helium to flow into the balloon.
Release the nozzle once the balloon is filled properly.
Remove the balloon from the nozzle.
Tie off the balloon.

When you’re finished filling the balloons, close the cylinder valve and tilt the nozzle down to relieve regulator pressure before storage. It’s also important to consider balloon disposal after your event ends. If any balloons are left over, pop them to let out the helium and dispose of them properly. Keep the balloons weighted during the party to ensure none of them float away.

Choose Meritus Gas Partners for Your Helium Needs

Whether you need 99.99% helium to fill balloons or are interested in higher-purity helium grades for other purposes, Meritus Gas Partners is your go-to source for reliable gases and supplies. We offer exceptional local service, a knowledgeable team of professionals and a reliable supplier network. We’re here to help you find the equipment and products you need to meet your business goals with helpful resources and support.

Learn more about our available balloon-grade helium today, or explore the other types of gases we supply. Then, find a Meritus Gas retail location to get in touch with your local distributor. We look forward to assisting you with your gas supply needs! 

Volume Calculations

Knowing the specific conversion rates is essential when converting liquid CO2 to its gaseous form. This knowledge helps calculate how much gas can be derived from a given amount of liquid CO2, whether for industrial or commercial purposes. For instance, 1 gallon of liquid CO2 equals 74.04 standard cubic feet (SCF) of CO2 gas. 

CO2 Conversion Data

Below is a quick reference table to help convert liquid CO2 to various units of measurement.

Legend

• scf (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F.
• Nm³ (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
• Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature.

Safety Standards and Usage

Following industry safety guidelines is crucial to protecting personnel and equipment when handling carbon dioxide, especially in its liquid or gaseous form. CO2 is 1.5 times heavier than air, so it can accumulate in low or confined spaces and pose suffocation risks. Always adhere to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards, which outline protocols for safe storage, handling and monitoring.

Key safety reminders include:

Use proper ventilation and monitoring equipment.
Liquid CO2 and dry ice (solid CO2) are extremely cold and can cause frostbite or burns upon contact. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling.
Ensure CO2 containers and systems are regularly inspected to prevent leaks or overpressurization.
Always read and understand the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) before using CO2. This document outlines potential hazards and safe handling procedures.
If you have any questions or concerns regarding CO2 safety, contact a Meritus Gas Partner representative for expert advice.

Contact Meritus Gas Partners for CO2

If you need liquid CO2, require assistance with conversions or have any questions about safe handling practices, Meritus Gas Partners offers expert advice and high-quality CO2 products for all applications. Contact us today to connect with an expert who can provide tailored support and solutions for all your CO2 needs.

Oxygen Conversion Data

Legend

• Standard cubic foot (scf) refers to gas measured at standard conditions of 1 atmosphere and 70°F.
• Normal cubic meter (Nm³) refers to gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
• Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature.

Practical Applications and FAQs: Converting Cubic Feet to Gallons

Common questions in oxygen gas conversion often involve translating volumes between gaseous and liquid states. One of the most frequently asked questions is:

How many cubic feet of oxygen gas are in 1 gallon of liquid oxygen?

There are 115.1 scf of oxygen gas in 1 gallon of liquid oxygen. This means that when 1 gallon of liquid oxygen is vaporized at standard conditions, it produces 115.1 scf of gaseous oxygen.

Understanding Oxygen Gas Conversion

Properties of Gases and Units of Measurement

Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature, and it is essential for combustion and respiration. Like all gases, it behaves uniquely under different temperature and pressure conditions. Its volume changes significantly with shifts in these conditions, affecting how it is measured and used:

Gaseous oxygen: Typically measured in cubic feet (scf) or cubic meters (Nm³), depending on the measurement system.
Liquid oxygen: Measured in gallons (gal) or liters (l), it is denser and occupies less volume than its gaseous form.

Understanding these units’ relationships is vital for calculating storage requirements, transportation needs and application methods.

Oxygen Conversion Calculators

While the provided chart offers standard conversion data, an oxygen conversion calculator can simplify complex calculations, especially when dealing with non-standard conditions.

How to use oxygen conversion calculators effectively:

Input accurate data: Ensure you enter the correct initial values, considering the units and conditions (temperature and pressure).
Understand the variables: Be aware of the state of oxygen you are working with — gas or liquid — and use the appropriate conversion factors.
Quality control: Cross-reference results with standard charts or alternative calculators to confirm the validity of your calculations.

Contact Meritus Gas Partners for Your Oxygen Needs

Navigating the complexities of oxygen gas conversion requires expertise and reliable resources. Meritus Gas Partners offers comprehensive services to meet all your oxygen requirements. Whether you need a consultation to determine the most efficient oxygen delivery method or support managing your oxygen supply, our team can provide expert assistance. Contact us to learn more about how we can enhance your operations with reliable, high-quality oxygen solutions.

Other Gas Conversions

Argon Conversions
CO2 Conversions
Nitrogen Conversions

Accurately converting argon gas measurements is vital for a wide range of industrial applications. Below is a chart that highlights key conversion data for argon gas, including the relationship between cubic feet, gallons and other units of measurement.

Argon Conversion Data

Legend

• Standard cubic foot (scf) refers to gas measured at standard conditions of 1 atmosphere and 70°F.
• Normal cubic meter (Nm³) refers to gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
• Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature.

Understanding Argon Gas Conversion

Argon gas conversions are essential in applications where precise volume measurements are critical to process integrity and safety. 

Gallon to Cubic Feet Conversion

One of the most frequently asked questions is:

How many cubic feet of argon gas are in 1 gallon of liquid argon? 

1 gallon of liquid argon converts to approximately 112.5 standard cubic feet (scf) of argon gas.

Conversion Efficiency

Several factors can influence the efficiency of argon gas conversion, including:

Temperature and pressure: The temperature and pressure of the gas affect its volume and density.
Purity: The purity of the argon gas can impact its conversion efficiency.
Equipment: The type, calibration and condition of the equipment used during conversion can influence results.

To optimize conversion efficiency, the equipment should be well-maintained and calibrated. Additionally, consider using high-purity argon gas and operating under optimal temperature and pressure conditions.

Safety Protocols

Handling argon gas requires strict adherence to safety protocols. Improper handling of liquid argon can pose risks due to its extremely low temperature (-302ºF). Compliance with safety standards like those set by the Compressed Gas Association (CGA) and proper training in handling cryogenic substances promotes a safe work environment during gas storage and conversion.

Contact Meritus Gas Partners for Your Argon Needs

Meritus Gas Partners offers a wide range of industrial gas solutions, including reliable argon gas supply and expert consultation. Get in touch with our team to discuss your specific requirements and optimize your gas conversion processes with the support of our experienced professionals.

Other Gas Conversions

CO2 Conversions
Nitrogen Conversions
Oxygen Conversions

Volume Calculations

Legend

• SCF (standard cubic foot) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 70°F.
• Nm³ (normal cubic meter) gas measured at 1 atmosphere and 0°C.
• Liquid measured at 1 atmosphere and boiling temperature.

Propane and natural gas are locally produced fossil fuels. Both are colorless, odorless, clean-burning and cost-effective alternatives to electricity. They may be used interchangeably for a variety of residential, commercial and industrial applications ranging from heating homes, cooking, water heating and powering appliances, machinery and vehicles.

While they have many similarities, they also differ, including their chemical composition, energy efficiency and storage and distribution methods. Below are the main factors that distinguish propane and natural gas so you can make the right choice for your home, business or industrial use.

What Is Propane?

Propane is a clean, colorless and odorless fossil fuel that’s compressed and stored in liquid form. In this state, it’s also referred to as liquified petroleum gas (LPG) or LP gas.

It’s a byproduct of natural gas that’s extracted through refrigeration. It can also be processed from crude oil through distillation. While it’s virtually odorless, an odorant called ethyl mercaptan is typically added after extraction to give it a skunk or rotten egg smell that makes it easy to identify gas leaks. 

Propane accounts for up to 2% of the total energy consumption in the U.S. Its most common uses include household use like cooking and water and home heating. It’s also used to power industrial machinery, cut metal, produce plastic and run agricultural equipment.

What Is Natural Gas?

Natural gas is a combustible, colorless, odorless and nonrenewable gaseous fossil fuel. It’s a combination of hydrocarbons. Like propane, odorants are added to help with gas leak detection. It makes up at least 40% of total utility energy consumption in the U.S.

As a fossil fuel, natural gas is obtained from sedimentary rocks, like shale. These rocks form from the remains of plants and animals combined by heat and pressure over millions of years into an oxygen-deprived gaseous substance found near coal and oil deposits. There are two main categories of natural gas based on their origin and location:

Conventional natural gas: The deposits of conventional natural gas are found in the cracks between layers of overlying rock and close to oil reservoir deposits. It’s easy to mine using well drilling and other traditional pumping techniques.
Unconventional natural gas: It’s sometimes referred to as tight gas or shale gas. Unconventional natural gas deposits are located in tiny pores within sedimentary rocks such as shale, sandstone and coal seams. 

What Is Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG)?

Liquified petroleum gas is a mixture of light hydrocarbons that exist as gases at room temperatures and liquefy when pressurized or cooled. LPG’s primary constituents include propane and butane. Other minor hydrocarbons, such as isobutane, propylene and butylene, can also be present. This versatility means LPG can be customized to suit different applications and environments. 

Liquefied petroleum gas and its variants are extracted when refining crude oil or separated during natural gas processing. LPG is typically stored and transported in a liquid state under moderate pressure, and it converts rapidly into a vapor upon release. LPG’s composition varies based on geographical location, climate and intended application. It is adaptable for numerous uses — from residential heating to vehicle fuel.

Is Liquified Petroleum Same as Propane? 

While propane is a type of LPG, the two are not identical. LPG includes a range of hydrocarbons, with propane as its most significant component. LPG’s additional constituents change its inherent properties and usage. In contrast, propane is a single compound with a specific chemical formula.

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The Differences Between Propane, LPG and Natural Gas

While propane and natural gas share numerous similarities and are used for many of the same applications, they also differ in composition, infrastructure and storage, cost, efficiency and environmental impact.

Chemical Composition

The chemical compositions of propane, natural gas and LPG are very distinct. Propane consists of three carbon atoms bonded by eight hydrogen atoms. Hence, its chemical formula is C3H8, while natural gas is made up of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). 

LPG can be made up of propane, butane (C4H10), isobutane (i-C4H10), propylene (C3H6) and butylene (C4H8). LPG’s exact mix of gases depends on the source and the intended application. 

Propane’s chemical composition ensures it can exist in gaseous form at room temperature or when the atmospheric pressure doesn’t exceed (14.6 psi). At higher pressures of between 100 and 200 psi, propane condenses and exists in a liquid state. It has a high octane rating and calorific value, meaning it works great for spark-ignited internal combustion engines and produces more energy than natural gas. 

Generally, natural gas includes hydrocarbons — highly combustible organic compounds found in fossil fuels — and non-hydrocarbons — acid gases that are considered impurities in fossil fuels. 

When it is extracted, natural gas is usually wet because of the hydrocarbons, which include ethane, butane, propane and pentane and the nonhydrocarbons, such as CO2 and water vapor. These wet ingredients must be removed during processing to produce pure natural gas that consists of almost pure methane (60-90%). The hydrocarbons or natural gas liquids (NGLs) are not disposed of. Instead, they’re sold as valuable natural gas byproducts. 

Transportation Infrastructure and Storage

One of the most profound differences between propane, LPG and natural gas is their transportation and storage methods, which are determined by their natural state.

Propane

After processing, propane is pressurized and compressed into a liquid that’s stored in underground pipelines with controlled conditions at production and distribution sites. Propane is more portable than natural gas because the compressed liquid is distributed through a network of pipelines, barges, tractor-trailers, railcars and tanker trucks. 

Propane is stored in lightweight pressurized tanks made of steel and other corrosion-resistant materials that vary in size based on application. Tank sizes range between 100 to 1,000 gallons for residential tanks and 1,000 to 30,000 gallons for commercial and residential tanks, which can be under or above ground. These tanks have a pressure valve that releases the pressure and converts propane back into its gaseous state to facilitate residential, commercial and industrial uses. 

Propane’s portability makes it highly reliable because even in extreme weather, propane tanks can continue delivering heat to power homes and facilitate its other uses.

LPG

Similarly, LPG is normally stored as a liquid under moderate pressure, making it highly portable. It can be stored in pressurized tanks or cylinders of various sizes, from small household containers to large commercial storage tanks. The relatively direct condensation of LPG makes it easier to store and transport over long distances, particularly in rural or off-grid areas where pipeline infrastructure is unavailable.

Natural Gas

Natural gas is transported through an extensive and complex network of underground pipelines. These pipelines facilitate its collection for processing, storage and delivery to the end consumer. They can be categorized into three types:

Gathering pipelines: These are small-diameter low-pressure pipelines used to collect raw natural gas from wells and transport it to processing plants.
Interstate/intrastate pipelines: These transport the processed natural gas from plants within and across state borders to main distributors.
Distribution pipelines: These are underground utility pipes used to deliver natural gas to end-consumers, including residential, commercial and industrial customers.

Pipelines are made of either strong carbon steel materials or highly advanced plastics that don’t corrode easily. Hard plastic is preferred for pipelines that require easy replacement and flexibility.  

Compressed natural gas (CNG) is highly pressurized during transportation, and compressor stations powered by motors, engines or turbines are strategically placed along the pipelines to maintain that pressure. Pipelines also have metering stations to detect leaks while monitoring flow and pressure changes. Natural gas can also be stored in its uncompressed state under extremely cold temperatures for niche applications.

Cost and Efficiency

Because these three are fossil fuels, their prices fluctuate over time to meet supply and demand. Generally, propane is more expensive than natural gas on a per-unit basis because its cost is measured per gallon, while natural gas is valued per cubic foot. 

Hence, natural gas is cheaper per unit of energy than propane. However, propane has a higher energy content per cubic foot, with approximately 2,500 British Thermal Units (BTUs) per cubic foot. Natural gas only produces approximately 1,000 BTUs per cubic foot. This means you need to purchase twice the amount of natural gas to produce the same amount of heat as propane.

BTU is a measure of heat produced by fuels or energy sources. It represents the heat required to increase the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit. While propane may cost more per unit, it burns cleaner and boasts more heating efficiency.

Producers can fine-tune LPG blends to optimize energy density depending on the ratio of butane to propane. Blends with higher butane levels generally yield higher energy density and lower costs in moderate to warm climates than pure propane. However, their performance declines substantially in cold conditions.

Combustion Characteristics and Environmental Impact

Propane, LPG and natural gas are generally considered clean-burning fuels with a low environmental impact.

Propane

Propane has a significantly lower carbon content than other fossil fuels and petroleum products like gasoline and diesel. When combusted, propane produces only about 12.61 pounds of CO2, almost half of what gasoline emits. Substituting propane for other fuels, such as coal, also minimizes the emission of air pollutants like carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide. 

In case of leaks, propane does not build up in soil or water, a common environmental hazard of many fossil fuels. Propane’s high heat efficiency also ensures less energy is used to power appliances. 

LPG

LPG shares propane’s clean-burning characteristics. However, depending on the exact mix of propane and butane, LPG normally has a slightly higher environmental impact than pure propane due to the higher carbon content of butane.

Natural Gas

Natural gas is a relatively clean burning fuel that does not leave ash or toxic mercury or sulfur oxide emissions. However, methane in natural gas is a highly potent greenhouse gas that releases CO2 and water vapor when combusted. Fortunately, these emissions remain to be significantly lower than those produced by burning coal and petroleum products. 

Natural gas may contribute to environmental pollution when it leaks into soil, water and the atmosphere. These leaks are often a result of drilling accidents, pipeline leaks and abandoned gas wells. Strict industry standards and federal regulations are in place to minimize leaks and ensure safe processing, storage, distribution and use of natural gas.

Applications of Propane Vs. Natural Gas

Propane and natural gas have numerous residential, commercial and industrial uses ranging from indoor heating and cooking to being used as alternative fuels for vehicles, agricultural equipment, welding and generating electric energy. The difference in performance in all the applications is negligible, and the choice typically comes down to your location because natural gas utility pipelines are not available everywhere. 

However, propane is a portable alternative that a certified professional can deliver and install on your residential, commercial or industrial property. Switching between the two fossil fuel options is generally an investment because they need different equipment and accessories to facilitate the pressure differences, but the changes can prove beneficial. Some of the appliance modifications that may be necessary include burners, conversion kits and regulators.

Compressed propane and natural gas versions can be used as alternative automobile fuels. LPG and propane autogas are among the top transportation fuels thanks to their high-octane rating that makes them ideal for powering spark-ignited combustion automobile engines. Compressed natural gas or liquified natural gas are relatively affordable alternatives to gasoline and diesel. However, these vehicles may be expensive because they need large, heavy and insulated tanks due to the dense nature and cold storage temperatures required.

Propane is also ideal for use in the welding industry thanks to its high combustion temperature of 3,596 F. This means it can be used to melt metals such as brass, bronze and aluminum, as well as metal jewelry like silver and gold. 

Frequently Asked Questions 

Here are some of our most frequently asked questions to help you decide which gas is right for your application:

Which Is Better, Propane or Natural gas?

Propane is generally better because it’s a clean-burning fuel that’s more energy-efficient than natural gas. It’s also a low-emission fuel that’s better for the environment because it produces fewer greenhouse gases and air pollutants.

Is Propane Safe?

Propane is relatively safe, nontoxic and reliable for indoor and outdoor use. Contrary to popular belief, propane tank explosions are not common, provided you follow all safe handling and storage instructions.

What Are the Disadvantages of Propane?

One of the main disadvantages of propane is the logistics for transporting it. While with natural gas, you only need to pay your utility bill to keep it on, scheduling for propane tank refills may be time-consuming unless you find a reliable supplier who’ll refill your tank when you need it. Even with a reliable supplier, supply chain and transportation issues can sometimes prevent it from getting to you on time. Propane prices also fluctuate based on market trends, weather conditions and supply and demand.

What Are the Disadvantages of Natural Gas?

Natural gas is nonrenewable, meaning it’s not a sustainable energy source because its supply will eventually deplete. It also contributes to the emission of greenhouse gases and can be toxic to humans when it’s inhaled in large quantities in case of leaks. 

Which Is More Flammable?

Propane gas is more flammable than natural gas, meaning it is more susceptible to causing injuries and accidents when you don’t implement strict handling, storage and usage precautions. However, propane is not flammable when pressurized in its liquid state.

Which One Is Better for Residential Use?

Propane is preferable for residential use because it’s convenient, versatile and cost-effective. Its low carbon footprint and greenhouse gas emissions also appeal to many homeowners. Either option may prove more affordable for your home depending on the current market prices, your location, frequency of use and delivery and how much gas you typically consume in a given period.

Contact Meritus Gas Partners for Your Propane, Natural Gas and LPG Needs

Knowing the differences between propane, LPG and natural gas is critical to choosing the right fuel for your application. Propane is ideal for applications requiring high heat and portability, especially in cold climates. LPG, being a mixture, offers versatility and can be tailored for different uses and climates. Natural gas is readily available, but it may not heat as efficiently as propane and LPG. 

Meritus Gas Partners provides a comprehensive and flexible gas supply for propane, LPG and natural gas that matches your residential and industrial applications. Our wide network of local distributors offers attentive customer service coupled with the resources and expertise of a large company. Contact us today to learn more.